Artificial Intelligence · Indonesia
AI regulation in Indonesia: laws & policy (2026)
Indonesia shaded by its artificial intelligence status
AI in Indonesia: guidelines only.
FrameworkKominfo/Komdigi Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics (Surat Edaran No. 9/2023); National AI Strategy (Stranas KA) 2020–2045; sectoral guidance (OJK AI Governance for Banking, April 2025); two draft Presidential Regulations (Perpres) on AI Ethics and the National AI Roadmap pending presidential signature
Indonesia has no comprehensive, binding AI-specific statute. Governance rests on non-binding instruments: the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs' (Komdigi, formerly Kominfo) Circular Letter No. 9/2023 on AI Ethics, the 2020–2045 National AI Strategy (Stranas KA), and sectoral supervisory guidance (notably OJK's April 2025 AI Governance guidance for banks), backed by cross-cutting laws such as the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) and the ITE Law. As of September 2026, two draft Presidential Regulations (a national AI roadmap and an AI ethics framework) have been finalized by Komdigi and are awaiting President Prabowo Subianto's signature.
Key points
Kominfo Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 (issued 19 December 2023) sets out AI ethics values—inclusivity, humanity, security, accessibility, transparency, credibility, data protection, sustainability and IP—for public and private Electronic System Operators. It is explicitly soft-law guidance, not enforceable regulation, and directs practitioners to align with the ITE Law and PDP Law.
Launched on 10 August 2020 by BPPT/BRIN, Stranas KA is Indonesia's high-level policy plan across four focus areas (ethics & policy, talent, infrastructure & data, industry R&I) and five priority sectors (health, bureaucracy, education & research, food security, mobility & smart cities). It is a strategy document, not a legal framework.
Komdigi finalised drafts of a Perpres on the National AI Roadmap (from an August 2025 white paper) and a companion Perpres on AI Ethics; both were submitted for legal harmonisation and, as of late September 2026, are still awaiting the President's signature. Communications Minister Meutya Hafid identified AI regulation as a 2026 priority.
On 29 April 2025 the Financial Services Authority (OJK) published 'Artificial Intelligence Governance for Indonesian Banking', a non-binding supervisory benchmark requiring banks to govern AI across a six-stage lifecycle around accountability, human oversight and reliability. It layers over binding IT rules such as POJK 11/POJK.03/2022 and OJK Regulation No. 1 of 2026 on IT governance for commercial banks.
In the absence of an AI-specific law, AI systems must comply with the Personal Data Protection Law (UU 27/2022, PDP Law) for data processing and automated decision-making, and with the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) for online content and platform obligations. The PDP Law's implementing regulations and Data Protection Authority remain incomplete as of September 2026.
The draft Perpres framework signals a risk-based approach that would designate high-risk AI in biometric identification, public administration, critical infrastructure, law enforcement and critical financial decisioning, and Komdigi has drafted derivative rules mandating labelling/watermarking of AI-generated content on digital platforms once the Perpres is enacted.
Timeline - major decisions & events
Communications and Digital Minister Meutya Hafid announced AI regulation is a key 2026 priority for President Prabowo, with a Perpres on the National AI Roadmap and an AI ethics/safety framework to be signed; the first follow-on ministerial rule will mandate labeling/watermarking of AI-generated content. This will elevate Indonesia's AI strategy and ethics from voluntary guidance into binding national instruments.
Indonesia Business Post ↗The government confirmed that the binding AI Presidential Regulation would slip to 2026 after public-consultation feedback, choosing to anchor future rules in ethics, safety and security rather than rush enforcement. It signaled Indonesia's continued preference for a gradual, risk-based rollout.
The Jakarta Post ↗Komdigi opened public consultation (extended to late August) on a Concept Draft of AI Ethics Guidelines and the National AI Roadmap White Paper, receiving 400+ submissions. It marked the first formal step toward converting voluntary ethics guidance into a future Presidential Regulation.
BABL AI ↗Komdigi released the 'Buku Putih' National AI Roadmap White Paper to accelerate digital transformation and position Indonesia as a regional AI leader for 2025-2030. It became the policy basis for the planned Presidential Regulation framework.
PS Engage ↗The two-year transition under Law No. 27 of 2022 expired, making all personal-data controllers and processors fully subject to enforcement. This GDPR-modeled regime governs the personal data that underpins most AI training and deployment in Indonesia.
ASEAN Briefing ↗Indonesia partnered with UNESCO to launch the AI Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM AI), evaluating national readiness against UNESCO's 2021 Recommendation on the Ethics of AI. It anchored Indonesia's ethics-led approach in an international framework.
UNESCO ↗President signed the second amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, raising fines (e.g., up to IDR 10 billion), adding child-protection duties for electronic system operators, and tightening rules on false/misleading content. It strengthens the digital-platform liability backdrop relevant to AI-generated content and disinformation.
Hogan Lovells ↗The Ministry of Communication and Informatics issued Indonesia's first dedicated AI instrument, a non-binding circular setting ethical values (inclusivity, humanity, security, transparency, data protection, IP) for electronic system operators and AI practitioners. It established a light-touch, supervision-first posture pending stronger regulation.
ANTARA News ↗Indonesia adopted its first comprehensive, GDPR-modeled data protection law, defining personal data rights and controller/processor obligations. It forms the core legal constraint on data used to build and operate AI systems.
Constitutional Court of Indonesia (MKRI) ↗BPPT, under what became BRIN, launched Indonesia's foundational National AI Strategy with four focus areas (ethics/policy, talent, infrastructure/data, research) and five priority sectors. It set the long-term vision now being codified into Presidential Regulations.
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