Artificial Intelligence - Netherlands

The Netherlands applies the directly-binding EU AI Act. Prohibited AI practices and AI-literacy duties have applied since 2 February 2025, GPAI-model obligations since 2 August 2025, and most high-risk (Annex III) and transparency rules from 2 August 2026, with product-embedded high-risk rules transitioning to 2 August 2028.

On 20 April 2026 State Secretary Aerdts (Digital Economy) published the draft Uitvoeringswet AI-verordening with explanatory memorandum, opening public consultation until 1 June 2026; it sets out how AI Act supervision is organised in Dutch law.

The Netherlands opts for a decentralised model in which existing sectoral market-surveillance authorities each supervise AI within their own domain, so organisations deal with regulators they already know; around ten market-surveillance authorities are designated in total.

The Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Dutch DPA) and the Rijksinspectie Digitale Infrastructuur (State Inspectorate for Digital Infrastructure) are designated as coordinating supervisors. The AP has acted as national coordinating algorithm supervisor since 2023 through its Directie Coördinatie Algoritmes (DCA).

For high-risk AI, designated market-surveillance authorities include the RDI, the Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT), the Health and Youth Care Inspectorate, the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) and the Netherlands Labour Authority; the AFM and De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) supervise the financial sector, with judicial-use AI overseen by the Procurator General at the Supreme Court and the Council of State.

Beyond the binding EU framework, the Netherlands maintains a national strategy rooted in the 2019 Strategic Action Plan for AI (SAPAI) and the public-private NL AI Coalition (AiNEd programme), now folded into the broader Dutch Digitalisation Strategy; an Article 57 AI regulatory sandbox is expected to launch around August 2026.