World Watch/Liechtenstein/Starting a Business

Starting a Business · Liechtenstein

Starting a Business - Liechtenstein

ModerateLiechtenstein Persons and Companies Act (PGR) governs legal entities; the Trade Act (Gewerbegesetz) governs business licensing, administered by the Office of Economic Affairs (Amt für Volkswirtschaft) and the Commercial Register (Handelsregister).

Liechtenstein permits 100% foreign ownership of companies with no nationality or residency restrictions on shareholders, and incorporation of a GmbH or AG is typically completed within about one to two weeks via a notary. However, operating a business is gated by a separate trade-licence regime: a resident, German-speaking managing director is required, qualified trades need a Gewerbebewilligung, and third-country nationals must have resided in Liechtenstein for at least 12 years to obtain a licence in their own name, while EEA/EFTA nationals face easier conditions.

Foreign ownership: unrestricted

There are no restrictions on shareholder nationality or residency; full (100%) foreign ownership of Liechtenstein companies is permitted, and non-residents can complete the setup remotely via a licensed fiduciary or lawyer.

Local managing director required

Every company must appoint at least one managing director who is resident in Liechtenstein and fluent in German, ensuring a local presence for regulatory compliance.

Minimum capital is high and fully paid

An AG (Aktiengesellschaft) requires CHF/EUR/USD 50,000 and a GmbH requires CHF/EUR/USD 10,000; the minimum capital must be fully paid up or contributed at the time of formation.

Business licence (Gewerbebewilligung) for qualified trades

About 72 professional groups are classified as 'qualified trades' and require a business licence before operations begin, with proof of professional qualification, a clean criminal-record and debt-enforcement extract, and suitable business premises; simple trades only need registration. The Office of Economic Affairs reviews complete applications within three months.

Third-country nationals face a 12-year residency barrier

EEA/EFTA passport holders may apply for a business licence on favourable terms, but nationals of third countries (e.g. US, Russia) must have been continuously resident in Liechtenstein for at least 12 years to apply for a licence in their own name.

Setup steps and timeline

Core steps are: check name availability, notarize the articles of association, deposit the minimum capital in a bank, file with the Commercial Register, and obtain the trade licence/registration. Formation is generally completed within roughly 5–10 business days once documents are in order.

Machine-assisted translation · verified 5/23/2026 · orientation, not legal advice. English version →