Artificial Intelligence - Brazil

The substitute to PL 2338/2023, drafted by Senator Eduardo Gomes, was approved by the Senate plenary on 10 December 2024 and sent to the Chamber of Deputies for further analysis.

A special committee (chaired by Dep. Luísa Canziani, rapporteur Dep. Aguinaldo Ribeiro) is reviewing the bill; it held roughly a dozen public hearings between May and September 2025 and is awaiting the rapporteur's report, with no final vote yet.

The bill takes an EU-style risk-based approach, classifying AI systems by potential impact, banning excessive-risk uses, and imposing stricter transparency and governance obligations on high-risk systems affecting public safety or fundamental rights.

The bill creates a National System for Regulation and Governance of AI (SIA) with the data-protection authority ANPD as coordinator and residual regulator, working alongside sectoral regulators (e.g., Central Bank, ANATEL, ANS).

Until an AI law is enacted, AI involving personal data is governed by the General Data Protection Law (LGPD, Law 13.709/2018) and enforced by the ANPD, which also ran a regulatory sandbox on AI and data protection in 2025.

Separate from regulation, the government launched the Brazilian AI Plan (PBIA) 2024–2028, a ~R$23 billion investment strategy coordinated by the MCTI, structured around five strategic axes including infrastructure, training, and AI for public services.