Why does on-chain insurance go insolvent exactly when the claims come in?

Total on-chain insurance coverage sits at roughly $500 million against billions of dollars in protocol TVL. In Q1 2026, a single exploit generated more claims liability than the entire on-chain insurance industry could pay without going insolvent. Parametric models automate payouts for observable triggers like stablecoin depeg, but cannot cover sophisticated vectors like governance manipulation or multisig social engineering. Indemnity models require subjective claims assessment, which reintroduces a trusted intermediary at the exact point DeFi was built to remove one.