Why does my cross-chain intent depend on two solvers not going offline?
Szansa
ERC-7683 standardized cross-chain intents in 2024, promising competitive execution where users broadcast what they want and solvers compete to fill it. Running a production solver requires deep cross-chain inventory, latency-optimized routing, and capital to absorb failed fills, which means only well-funded teams bother. Analysis of 3.5 million intents moved between June and November 2025 shows heavy concentration: a handful of solvers handle most volume and entry barriers have not fallen. When the top solvers exit or go offline, unfilled intents expire and users must retry manually or stay stuck. No mechanism today enforces solver diversity or triggers a guaranteed on-chain fallback.
Dlaczego to ważne
Intent settlement is concentrating on a handful of solvers the same way bridging concentrated on a handful of relayers, and the failure mode will be identical.
Jak oceniam szansę
Wskaźnik Szansy to mój własny odczyt, a nie pomiar: jak bardzo boli, jak często daje się we znaki i jak niewiele istnieje dziś, by to rozwiązać. Wyższy wynik oznacza, że uważam problem za bardziej warty zbudowania.
Ile bólu sprawia, gdy się pojawia.
Jak często ludzie faktycznie na to trafiają.
Jak mało dobrych narzędzi istnieje dla tego dziś.
Więcej problemów wartych rozwiązania
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BlockchainStablecoins run on blockchains, and blockchains have three hard requirements that all need internet: **1. Broadcasting the transaction** A payment is just a signed message. To actually move funds, that message must be submitted to the network so nodes can receive it. **2. Consensus and finality** Validators/miners must include the transaction in a block and reach agreement that it happened. Without connectivity, no block, no settlement. **3. Verifying the sender's balance** The current state of who owns what lives on the network. Without querying it, you can't confirm the sender hasn't already spent those funds elsewhere -- the classic double-spend problem. --- **Why this is harder than it looks** Cash works offline because a physical note is self-proving and self-transferring. A stablecoin balance isn't held in a device -- it's an entry in a global ledger. "Paying" offline would mean handing over a signed promise, but the recipient has no way to know that promise isn't already spent until they reconnect. --- **Partial workarounds being explored** - **Hardware security chips** (used in some CBDC pilots, e.g. the ECB's digital euro research) -- a tamper-resistant chip holds a balance offline; the chip enforces spend limits and prevents double-spend locally, then settles when reconnected - **Lightning Network** -- payment channels allow off-chain transfers, but channel setup/teardown still needs the base layer - **Signed IOUs** -- parties can exchange cryptographic promises offline and settle later, but this reintroduces counterparty trust None of these are production stablecoin rails today. For now, no internet means no confirmed stablecoin payment.